What Is EMDR and ART Therapy:
EMDR stands for Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. EMDR is one of the most well-researched and supported psychological treatments for people with past trauma. Trauma carries with it emotional weight and mental and emotional effects. Sometimes the brain can heal these things on their own, but sometimes it does not. For traumatic memories that are not healed, EMDR can unlock and use the brains internal healing mechanisms to focus on those unhealed and unprocessed traumatic memories. First tested in veterans with PTSD, EMDR has since been applied to a wide variety of traumatic memories and mental health issues with highly promising results. Many have credit their EMDR treatment with symptom reduction or total remission of symptoms from past traumatic events.
ART stands for Accelerated Resolution Therapy. Similar to EMDR, ART uses bilateral stimulation to use the brain’s internal healing mechanisms to reprocess trauma. ART differs from in that it is newer, not as robustly tested, and argues that it can re-write memories instead of desensitizing people to the effects of their past trauma. So, with ART, instead of experiencing a traumatic event as it happened, it’s “rewriting” features can make it so that the memories of the trauma are changed, almost as if the trauma never happened. For example, instead of being horribly embarrassed in school in front of their peers, a person can rewrite that memory as if no one say the embarrassing thing, or that none of the peers were even present in the room. While the person knows that the event happened as they recall, the feeling associated with the event are similar to how they have re-written it.
How does EMDR work?
The central mechanism that is used in EMDR is bilateral stimulation. Put simply, the alternating activation of the Left and then the Right hemisphere of the brain. This is done entirely externally and can involve little or no actual touch at all.
Conventional EMDR would have a client shift their eyes left and right in regular rhythms, which would stimulate, respectively, the right and left hemispheres of their brain. Since the inception, other methods have developed to cause this stimulation. Buzzers, which are small handheld paddles that vibrate, also can cause this stimulation. Some practitioners use headphones with audio that alternates between the left and right earphones. Some practitioners simply take a pen and tap it on the legs or knees of a client in alternating rhythms.
Although the exact reasons why are still, to a degree, a mystery to modern psychologists, when a person recalls traumatic events while experiencing bilateral stimulation, the severity of trauma symptoms decrease over time. The brain, it seems, heals from psychological trauma by alternating between the left and right hemisphere of the brain, while recalling those related memories. It’s almost as if the brain recalls, reprocesses, and re-stores traumatic memories during this process. Then, after this healing process is complete, the person no longer experiences the side effects of unresolves trauma including carrying the emotional reactivity and intensity of the trauma, no longer making conscious or unconscious decisions from a traumatic response, and can act almost as of the traumatic event never even happened to them in the first place.